Rule zero
When a rule and the voice disagree, the voice wins. These are conventions, not dogma — the goal is a sentence the reader understands the first time. If breaking a rule makes that easier, break it on purpose and move on.
Capitalisation
Sentence case for every heading and label. Only the first word and proper nouns are capitalised.
Title Case For Every Heading As If This Were 2008.
Exceptions: ALL-CAPS eyebrows, the page H1 in Founders Grotesk, and brand-owned product names like Flatpay Lab.
Capitalise product and feature names exactly once and consistently — Flatpay, Flatpay Lab, the Catalog.
Lowercase the product name in body copy because the rest of the sentence is lowercase.
Don't capitalise generic terms — dashboard, prototype, payout, manifest. They're nouns, not branded features.
Capitalising every Important Concept the way enterprise docs do.
Punctuation
Commas
Use the Oxford comma. Always.
Skipping it because British English doesn't strictly require it.
Example: 'Denmark, Finland, Germany, France, Italy, the UK, the Netherlands, and the US.' The comma before 'and' prevents the last two markets from reading as a pair.
One comma per breath. If a sentence has three commas, it probably wants to be two sentences.
Dashes and hyphens
Em dash (—) with spaces around it for parenthetical asides — like this — never two hyphens (--).
word—word with no spaces, except in compound modifiers like 'cross-border'.
Keyboard: ⌥+⇧+- on Mac, Alt+0151 on Windows. Editor extensions auto-convert -- to —.
En dash (–) for ranges: 5–10 prototypes, 9:00–17:00, May–June.
Hyphen in ranges: 5-10 reads as a phone-number fragment.
Hyphen (-) only for compound modifiers and prefixed words — non-trivial, build-time, end-of-day.
Quotation marks
Curly quotes (“ ”) for prose. Single curly quotes (‘ ’) for nested quotes and apostrophes.
Straight quotes (" ") in display copy.
Code blocks and identifiers keep straight quotes. Editor extensions handle the conversion in prose.
Punctuation inside quotation marks when it belongs to the quoted material — “Saved.” — outside when it belongs to the wrapping sentence.
Ellipses
Use the single character … (U+2026), never three full stops in a row.
The ASCII ... approximation.
Reserve ellipses for in-progress states (Working…) and truncated copy (Read more…).
Sprinkling them through marketing prose for mood.
Exclamation marks
Almost never. Reserved for the rare moment the brand voice is being genuinely buoyant in marketing copy.
Successfully saved your changes!
Numbers
Spell out one through nine. Use numerals for 10 and up.
Three retries vs. 12 retries — the inconsistency is the point. Don't normalise to digits to keep them parallel.
Use numerals for percentages (3%, 50%), money (€ 1.234,56), dates and times, ratios, and tabular data — regardless of the value.
Money has its own rules. See the Currency page.
Don't start a sentence with a numeral. Rewrite or spell it out.
42 prototypes shipped this quarter. → Forty-two prototypes shipped this quarter. → This quarter we shipped 42 prototypes.
Use a non-breaking space between a number and its unit — 200 ms, 64 kB, € 1.234,56 — so the unit never wraps to the next line.
Lists
Parallel structure. If one item starts with a verb, every item starts with a verb.
Connect a repo. The webhook gets created. We pull manifests on push.
Sentence case for items. No terminal punctuation when items are fragments.
If items are full sentences, end each with a period. The two styles don't mix in the same list.
Use a numbered list when order matters — steps in a process, ranked items. Use a bulleted list when it doesn't.
Names and product terms
The product name is "Flatpay" — single word, capital F. The internal lab tool is "Flatpay Lab".
FlatPay, flatpay, FLATPAY, or Flat Pay.
Use "we" when speaking as Flatpay. Use "you" when addressing the user.
Speaking in the third person ("Flatpay enables users to…") in product UI.
Refer to features by their UI label, not their internal codename. The user sees 'Catalog' — the page is called Catalog in copy, regardless of what the route is called.
Contractions
Use them. They're how people talk. We'll, you'll, it's, doesn't, can't.
Avoiding contractions to sound more authoritative — the result reads as stiff, not authoritative.
Don't string two together — "I'd've" — and don't use the rare ones — "shan't", "mightn't" — that read as performance.
Abbreviations and acronyms
Spell out on first use, with the abbreviation in parens: "ultimate beneficial owner (UBO)". Abbreviation alone for every mention after.
Don't add an apostrophe in plurals: APIs, UBOs, KPIs. Apostrophes are for possession and contractions, not plurals.
API's, UBO's, KPI's.
Avoid acronyms the user hasn't seen. "Two-factor authentication" beats "2FA" until the surface has already introduced 2FA.
British spelling
The default working language is British English (en-GB). The product is translated into the local language for each market and into American English for US-localised surfaces — but the source copy is always en-GB.
- organiseUS organize
- analyseUS analyze
- customiseUS customize
- colourUS color
- centreUS center
- catalogueUS catalog
- licence (noun)US license
- enrolmentUS enrollment
- practise (verb)US practice
- whilstUS while
- amongstUS among
- learntUS learned
Code is American
File names, identifiers, and library APIs are American English regardless of the writing convention — color, center, organize. The split is by audience: prose is en-GB for humans, code is en-US for tools.
Related
Page history
1 revision- DocumentedDerek Fidler@derekfidler
First documented version. Capitalisation, punctuation, numbers, lists, naming, and the contractions rule.